1. Adaptation to Cold: Sparrows, especially house sparrows, are remarkably resilient to winter conditions. They fluff up their feathers to trap air, creating an insulating layer that helps them stay warm.

2. Diet Changes: During winter, sparrows rely heavily on seeds, grains, and other plant-based food sources since insects become scarce. They are often seen foraging near bird feeders or agricultural fields.

3. Group Behaviour: Sparrows are highly social birds. In winter, they often form large flocks to roost together for warmth and protection against predators.

4. Roosting Sites: Sparrows seek out sheltered areas to roost during the colder months, such as dense shrubs, evergreen trees, or even under eaves and in crevices of buildings.

5. Increased Activity: Sparrows are more active during the daytime in winter, as they need to consume more food to maintain their energy levels for warmth.

6. Survival Challenges: While sparrows are hardy birds, harsh winters with prolonged snow cover can make food sources harder to access, increasing their reliance on bird feeders and human-provided food.

7. Vocalisations: Even in winter, sparrows remain vocal. Their cheerful chirping can often be heard in urban and rural areas, adding life to the otherwise quiet season.

8. Migration: Some sparrow species, such as the American tree sparrow, migrate to milder climates during winter, whereas house sparrows and other common types are year-round residents in most areas.